Enchiridion, §5
Epictetus
Epictetus was a former slave who knew better than most that external circumstances can seem overwhelming. Yet he insists that it is our judgments, not the circumstances themselves, that disturb us. This challenges a prevailing human tendency to blame outside forces for our distress. By invoking Socrates, Epictetus underscores the power of rational thought to transcend fear, even in the face of death.