Works and Days
Hesiod
Hesiod's advice to his brother Perses is not just familial counsel; it challenges the notion that success can be achieved without effort. While cunning may offer shortcuts, Hesiod insists that true excellence demands toil and perseverance. The "sweat of our brows" is a divine mandate, suggesting that virtue is neither an innate gift nor cheaply won. This stands in contrast to more fatalistic views, where fortune is simply allotted by the whims of the gods.