Letter to the Reverend Dr. John Witherspoon, October 1789
George Washington
Washington's words connect happiness with moral obligation, challenging a familiar Enlightenment pursuit of happiness as a personal end. In 1790, the young American republic was experimenting with self-governance, and Washington's view tied personal joy to civic responsibility. The letter was written to Reverend John Witherspoon, a signer of the Declaration of Independence—an era when moral philosophy was intertwined with the nascent nation's ideals. Washington implies that true happiness is not found in self-indulgence but in fulfilling one's duties to others and the community.